Thermal deformations and brightness temperature of the ice cover of freshwater bodies

S. V. Tsyrenzhapov; A. A. Gurulev

doi:10.31857/S2076673420030051

Thermal deformations and brightness temperature of the ice cover of freshwater bodies

S. V. Tsyrenzhapov, A. A. Gurulev

https://doi.org/10.31857/S2076673420030051

Full Text:

Abstract

The paper presents results of experimental studies of the deformation of a freshwater ice cover. The works were carried out on the Lake Arakhley located in the Trans-Baikal Region, where winters are characterized by small amount of snow and sharp daily changes in the air temperature reaching 25 °C. As a result of this, the temperature gradient of the surface layer of the ice cover exceeds 1 °C/cm. This causes formation of the dry cracks in the upper layers of the cover. The authors measured daily variations in the temperature of the ice cover at various depths by its thickness. Results of the experiment made possible to propose the explanation for the formation of dry cracks and the depth of them, which reaches 20 cm in the Trans-Baikal Region. According to studies using a differential strain gauge, it was found that the upper layer of the ice cover is in a stressed state due to changes in its temperature. This is evident from the fact that when the temperature of the upper layer of ice changes, the distance between the reference points slightly changes too. When the air temperature approaches the temperature of the «ice–water» phase transition, the ice cover is unloaded. We assume that the dry cracks can also be formed when the stress state of ice is released at even lower temperatures. Interest in these structural changes had been arisen in connection with possible variations in the electromagnetic properties of the ice cover, which can be detected by non-contact radio wave measurements. These variations result from the presence of a quasiliquid layer on the surfaces of dry cracks (together with hoar-frost and snow in them), which can exist down to a temperature of −90 °C. Its presence increases the complex relative permittivity of a medium consisting of a solid (ice) and a liquid phase (water film). Calculations of the radiometric temperature within the centimeter range in a flat-layer non-isothermal medium have shown that the presence of dry cracks in the ice cover increases radio temperature up to 5 K on both, vertical and horizontal polarizations. This value is recorded during radiometric measurements, and this factor should be taken into account during the remote sensing of freshwater ice covers.

Keywords

deformation, dry cracks, ice cover, microwave remote sensing,

About the Authors

S. V. Tsyrenzhapov

Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Chita

A. A. Gurulev

Institute of Natural Resources, Ecology and Cryology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Chita

References

1. Bordonsky G.S. The causes of permanent cracks in ice covers of lakes. Geografiya i prirodnyye resursy. Geography and Natural Resources. 2007, 2: 69–76. [In Russian].

2. Glyatsiologicheskiy slovar. Glaciological Dictionary / Ed. V.M. Kotlyakov. Leningrad: Hydrometeoizdat, 1984: 528 р. [In Russian].

3. Voitkovsky K.F. Osnovy glyatsiologii. Principles of glaciology. Moscow: Nauka, 1999: 255 р. [In Russian].

4. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii rabot po otsenke gruzopod’emnosti ledovykh pereprav. Guidelines for assessing the carrying capacity of ice crossings. Moscow: Federal Highway Agency (Rosavtodor), 2017: 42 р. [In Russian].

5. Koposov G.D., Tyagunin A.V. Calorimetric studies of a quasiliquid layer on the surfaces of ice granules. Journ. of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters (JETP Letters). 2011, 94 (5): 374–377. doi: 10.1134/S0021364011170073.

6. Castrillon S.R.-V., Giovambattista N., Arsay I.A., Debenedetti P.G. Structure and Energetics of Thin Film Water. Journ. of Physical Chemistry. C. 2011, 115: 4624–4635. doi: org/10.1021/jp1083967.

7. Solveyra E.G., Llave E., Scherlis D.A., Molinero V. Melting and crystallization of ice in partially filled nanopores. Journ. of Physical Chemistry. B. 2011, 115: 14196–14204. doi: 10.1021/jp205008w.

8. Bordonskiy G.S., Orlov A.O., Khapin Yu.B. Attenuation coefficient and dielectric permittivity of supercooled volume water in the temperature range 0...–90 °C at frequencies 11...140 GHz. Sovremennyye problemy distantsionnogo zondirovaniya Zemli iz kosmosa. Modern Problems of Remote Sensing of the Earth from Space. 2017, 14 (3): 255–270. doi: 10.21046/2070-7401-2017-14-3-255-270. [In Russian].

9. Tsyrenzhapov S.V., Gurulev A.A., Orlov A.O. Measurement of the content of unfrozen water in cellular glass at low temperatures. Izvestiya Ural'skogo gosudarstvennogo gornogo universiteta. Bulletin of the Ural State Mining University. 2018, 3 (51): 83–88. [In Russian].

10. Shutko A.M. SVCh-radiometriya vodnoy poverkhnosti i pochvogruntov. Microwave radiometry of the water surface and soil. Moscow: Science, 1986: 190 р. [In Russian].

11. Macheret Yu.Ya. Radiozondirovaniye lednikov. Radio sounding of glaciers. Moscow: Scientific world, 2006: 392 р. [In Russian].

12. Kotlyakov V.M., Macheret Yu.Ya., Sosnovsky A.V., Glazovsky A.F. Speed of radio wave propagation in dry and wet snow. Led i Sneg. Ice and Snow. 2017, 57 (1): 45–56. doi: 10.15356/2076-6734-2017-1-45-56. [In Russian].

13. Veselkov G.O., Chechel L.P. Changing parameters of chemical composition in the water column of the lake Arakhley (Eastern Transbaikalia). Aspirant. Prilozheniye k zhurnalu Vestnik Zabaykal'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Postgraduate student. Appendix to the journal: Bulletin of the Trans-Baikal State University. 2018, 12 (2): 29–35. [In Russian].

14. Smakhtin V.K. Ice regime of Transbaikalia lakes in the present-day warming. Led i Sneg. Ice and Snow. 2018, 58 (2): 225–230. doi: 10.15356/2076-6734-2018-2-225-230. [In Russian].

15. Stepanyuk I.A., Smirnov V.N. Metody izmereniy kharakteristik dinamiki ledyanogo pokrova. Methods of measuring the characteristics of ice cover dynamics. Moscow: Integration, 2001:136 р. [In Russian].

16. Alekseev A.E., Vdovenko V.S., Gorshkov B.G., Potapov V.T., Simikin D.E. A coherent dual-frequency phase-sensitive reflectometer with amplitude modulation of probing pulses. Journ. of Communications Technology and Electronics. 2016, 61 (4): 439–442. doi: 10.1134/S1064226916040033.

17. Masoudi A., Belal M., Newson T.P. A distributed optical fibre dynamic strain sensor based on phase-OTDR. Measurement Science and Technology. 2013, 24 (8): 085204. doi: 10.1088/0957-0233/24/8/085204.

18. Bordonsky G.S., Ryabova L.D. The RF Differential Strain Gauge. Uchenye zapiski Zabaykal'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Scientific notes of the Trans-Baikal State University. 2015, 3 (62): 26–29. [In Russian].

19. Klimat Chity. Climate of Chita / Eds. C.A. Schwer, I.A. Zil'bershteyn. Leningrad: Hydrometeoizdat, 1982: 246 р. [In Russian].

20. Butkovich T.R. Thermal expansion of ice. Journ. of Applied Physics. 1959, 30 (3): 350–353. doi: 10.1063/1.1735166.

21. Ruzhich V.V., Psakhie S.G., Chernykh E.N., Bornyakov S.A., Granin N.G. Deformation and seismic effects in the ice cover of Lake Baikal. Russian Geology and Geophysics. 2009. 50 (3): 214–221. doi: 10.1016/j.rgg.2008.08.005.

22. Bordonskii G.S., Gurulev A.A., Krylov S.D. Electromagnetic loss of fresh ice in microwave range at a temperature of 0 °C. Journ. of Communications Technology and Electronics. 2014, 59 (6): 536–540. doi: 10.1134/S1064226914060060.

23. Bordonskii G.S., Gurulev A.A., Krylov S.D. Ice clarification in the microwave range near the yield point. Technical Physics Letters. 2009, 35 (11): 1047–1050. doi: 10.1134/S1063785009110224.

24. Alekseeva T., Tikhonov V., Frolov S., Repina I., Raev M., Sokolova J., Sharkov E., Afanasieva E., Serovetnikov S. Comparison of Arctic Sea Ice concentrations from the NASA team, ASI, and VASIA2 algorithms with summer and winter ship data. Remote Sensing. 2019, 11 (21): 2481. doi: 10.3390/rs11212481.

25. Klepikov I.N., Sharkov E.A. Theoretic investigations of extremely inhomogeneous nonisothermic media emission. Issledovanie Zemli iz Kosmosa. Soviet Journal of Remote Sensing. 1992, 6: 3–15. [In Russian].

26. Domine F., Taillandier A.-S., Simpson W.R. A parameterization of the specific surface area of seasonal snow for field use and for models of snowpack evolution. Journ. of Geophys. Research. 2007, 112: F02031. doi: 10.1029/2006JF000512.

27. Bordonskiy G.S. Teplovoye izluchenie ledyanogo pokrova presnykh vodoemov. Thermal radiation of the ice cover of fresh water bodies. Novosibirsk: Science, 1990: 102 р. [In Russian].

28. Kirbizhekova I.I., Chimitdorzhiev T.V., Tubanov T.A., Tat'kov G.I., Zakharov A.I., Bykov M.E., Dmitriev A.V., Filatov A.V., Evtyushkin A.V. The results of lake Baikal ice cover dynamics research by methods of ALOS PALSAR satellite radar-location and GPS-navigation. Vestnik buryatskogo nauchnogo tsentra sibirskogo otdeleniya rossiiskoy akademii nauk. Bulletin of the Buryat scientific center of the Siberian branch of the Russian academy of sciences. 2012, 1 (5): 42–59. [In Russian].

Supplementary files

For citation: Tsyrenzhapov S.V., Gurulev A.A. Thermal deformations and brightness temperature of the ice cover of freshwater bodies. Ice and Snow. 2020;60(3):445-452. https://doi.org/10.31857/S2076673420030051

Refbacks

There are currently no refbacks.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

ISSN 2076-6734 (Print)
ISSN 2412-3765 (Online)

Username
Password