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Microelement composition of dust in the snow cover of Chita city in 2023–2024
https://doi.org/10.7868/S2412376525040073
Abstract
The microelement composition of the dust fraction of the snow cover of the Chita city (Zabaykalsky Krai, Russia) in winters of 2023–2024 was examined. For several years, Chita is known as one of the Russian cities with the most polluted air, and therefore it has been included into the Federal project “Clean Air” to reduce the level of emissions into the atmosphere by 2026 from 67.1 thousand tons (2017) to 23 thousand tons. In this aspect, this study of the content of trace elements in the snow cover was performed. The X-ray fluorescence analysis method was used to examine 75 samples of dust from snow, taken in various functional zones. The results revealed the distribution of chemical elements in the snow cover, depending on the level of technogenic load. The industrial zone and sites along transport routes are the most polluted, while the lowest levels of trace element accumulation are typical in the parking and recreational zones. Increased concentrations of Fe, Br, Sr, Sn, Sb, W and Th were recorded in the industrial zone, while Ti, V and Cu prevailed near the transport routes. Analysis of samples by the enrichment factor did show a significant anthropogenic contribution for Sn, Se and Sb (EF >10), with maximum values of the concentration factor for W (Kc up to 62.26 in industrial zones) and As (Kc up to 19.54 in residential districts). The total pollution index (Zc) ranged from 2.18 (recreational zone) to 8.52 (industrial zone), indicating a moderate level of common pollution. Comparison with background values for Eurasia revealed that increased concentrations of Sr, Cs and Ti in the Chita samples, while the content of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Ni) was smaller than the median values in other regions. The study emphasizes the integrated influence of local industrial emissions, transport and regional geochemical background on the composition of snow dust in a sharp continental climate.
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Supplementary files
For citation: Bondarevich E.A. Microelement composition of dust in the snow cover of Chita city in 2023–2024 Ice and Snow. 2025;65(4):614-627. https://doi.org/10.7868/S2412376525040073
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